Study of 'Twin' Stars Suggests Many Planets Might Be Exiles
2024-03-29
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1A new study involving stars that formed together shows how lucky Earth is to be in a normal planetary system.
2Researchers studied 91 pairs of stars that formed together and were similar in size and substance.
3Their research showed that a surprising number showed signs of having absorbed a planet.
4The stars likely absorbed a planet after it was pushed out of a stable orbit.
5This might have been caused by gravitational influences from other planets or even other stars.
6The stars involved are being called "twins" because they formed together.
7The researchers call them "co-natal stars," and they had equal masses and ages.
8These "twins" were moving in the same direction in the Milky Way galaxy but were not connected by gravity.
9Researchers chose the twin stars because a star's chemistry likely changes when it absorbs a planet.
10The planet would introduce amounts of a few elements that are not present in a normal star.
11The researchers looked for stars that were different from their twin.
12They also tried to identify elements in the stars that would show that a planet had been absorbed.
13Those elements include iron, nickel, or titanium.
14In at least seven of the twin stars, one of the two stars showed signs of absorbing a planet.
15Fan Liu of Monash University in Australia was the lead writer of the research that was released in the publication Nature.
16Scientist Yuan-Sen Ting of the Australian National University and The Ohio State University helped write the study.
17He commented that the research really shows what a lucky position Earth is in.
18He said, "The stability of a planetary system like the solar system is not a given."
19The researchers used the European Space Agency's Gaia space observatory to find the twin stars.
20They also used telescopes in Chile and Hawaii to identify the chemical elements present in the stars.
21The stars were as close as 70 light years from Earth and as far as 960 light years away.
22A light year is the distance light travels in a year, or 9.5 trillion kilometers.
23The researchers said it is most likely that their observations showed that whole planets had been absorbed.
24But they added it was possible they were identifying planetary building blocks being absorbed during a system's period of planet formation.
25Some stars like our sun expand towards the end of their life.
26During this time, they might absorb nearby planets.
27Later, the stars collapse becoming very small, dense stars called white dwarves.
28Ting said all stars like the sun become much larger.
29Ting said Earth will be absorbed by the sun.
30The stars in the study were not nearing the end of their life.
31Instability in planetary systems might be more common than once thought.
32About eight percent of the twin stars studied had one star that likely absorbed a planet.
33Ting said most planetary systems, like our solar system, should be stable.
34He said the reason is that planets are mostly influenced by their main star, not other planets in their system.
35Ting added that for other planetary systems with different beginnings and conditions, this might break down.
36That might lead to instability.
37Ting said the study shows that many planetary systems are unstable.
38That means there are always planets thrown into or out of these systems.
39Since only a small percentage of these planets are absorbed, there might be more planets than once thought traveling in exile without a star to orbit.
40Ting said, "Understanding which planetary systems are stable or not is a long-time goal of planetary dynamics theorists."
41I'm Gregory Stachel.
1A new study involving stars that formed together shows how lucky Earth is to be in a normal planetary system. 2Researchers studied 91 pairs of stars that formed together and were similar in size and substance. Their research showed that a surprising number showed signs of having absorbed a planet. 3The stars likely absorbed a planet after it was pushed out of a stable orbit. This might have been caused by gravitational influences from other planets or even other stars. 4The stars involved are being called "twins" because they formed together. The researchers call them "co-natal stars," and they had equal masses and ages. 5These "twins" were moving in the same direction in the Milky Way galaxy but were not connected by gravity. 6Researchers chose the twin stars because a star's chemistry likely changes when it absorbs a planet. The planet would introduce amounts of a few elements that are not present in a normal star. 7The researchers looked for stars that were different from their twin. They also tried to identify elements in the stars that would show that a planet had been absorbed. Those elements include iron, nickel, or titanium. 8In at least seven of the twin stars, one of the two stars showed signs of absorbing a planet. 9Fan Liu of Monash University in Australia was the lead writer of the research that was released in the publication Nature. 10Scientist Yuan-Sen Ting of the Australian National University and The Ohio State University helped write the study. He commented that the research really shows what a lucky position Earth is in. He said, "The stability of a planetary system like the solar system is not a given." 11The researchers used the European Space Agency's Gaia space observatory to find the twin stars. They also used telescopes in Chile and Hawaii to identify the chemical elements present in the stars. 12The stars were as close as 70 light years from Earth and as far as 960 light years away. A light year is the distance light travels in a year, or 9.5 trillion kilometers. 13The researchers said it is most likely that their observations showed that whole planets had been absorbed. But they added it was possible they were identifying planetary building blocks being absorbed during a system's period of planet formation. 14Some stars like our sun expand towards the end of their life. During this time, they might absorb nearby planets. Later, the stars collapse becoming very small, dense stars called white dwarves. Ting said all stars like the sun become much larger. Ting said Earth will be absorbed by the sun. 15The stars in the study were not nearing the end of their life. 16Instability in planetary systems might be more common than once thought. About eight percent of the twin stars studied had one star that likely absorbed a planet. 17Ting said most planetary systems, like our solar system, should be stable. He said the reason is that planets are mostly influenced by their main star, not other planets in their system. 18Ting added that for other planetary systems with different beginnings and conditions, this might break down. That might lead to instability. 19Ting said the study shows that many planetary systems are unstable. That means there are always planets thrown into or out of these systems. 20Since only a small percentage of these planets are absorbed, there might be more planets than once thought traveling in exile without a star to orbit. 21Ting said, "Understanding which planetary systems are stable or not is a long-time goal of planetary dynamics theorists." 22I'm Gregory Stachel. 23Will Dunham reported this story for Reuters. Gregory Stachel adapted it for VOA Learning English. 24_________________________________________________ 25Words in This Story 26pair -n. two of something 27absorb - v. to take in (something, such as a liquid) in a natural or gradual way 28stable - adj. in a good state or condition that is not easily changed or likely to change 29galaxy - n. any one of the very large groups of stars that make up the universe 30solar system - n. our sun and the planets that move around it 31dynamics - n. the science that studies motion and the forces that cause or stop motion